How to check the value of a banknote?

Many people have a single banknote at home from their grandfather or a memento they've kept for years, but they don't know if it has any collector value. Price differences can be huge—two seemingly identical banknotes can cost tens of zlotys or even thousands. In this article, I'll give you specific tips on how to assess the value of a banknote and when it's best to have it appraised at Wójcicki Auction House, which has been appraising and selling banknotes for clients in over 70 countries since 2016.

How to recognize a banknote and prepare it for valuation?

Recognizing a banknote is the first step—and contrary to appearances, it's not at all obvious. Banknotes from a given period often come in many variants, differing in details invisible at first glance. Therefore, before beginning your value analysis, check the basic elements: country of issue, denomination, year of printing, numbering, and series. For many banknotes, the series itself determines their rarity. There are situations where two series of the same design differ in value several times, and a layperson can't tell the difference.

When preparing a banknote for initial evaluation, take photos. Ideally, take them in daylight, with the banknote on a smooth, bright surface. Take photos of the entire banknote, then of the details—watermarks, numbers, and security features. This helps the expert assess at the initial stage whether the banknote requires a more thorough inspection. At Wójcicki Auction House, you can submit these photos by email or through the form on the website—you'll receive preliminary information about whether your banknote has collector potential.

The most important rule before an appraisal: do not clean the banknote, do not straighten it mechanically, and do not attempt to remove discoloration . Even a minor attempt to "improve its appearance" can reduce its value. Experts prefer to work with banknotes in their original condition.

What affects the value of the banknote?

Valuing a banknote involves analyzing several elements that together create a picture of its value. Each of these factors can increase or decrease it, so a professional valuation is based on their combination.

• Condition – This is absolutely the most important factor and the most common cause of price differences. A banknote in mint condition, with visible creases and abrasions, can be worth a few dozen złoty, while the same year in near-mint condition can fetch hundreds or even thousands of złoty. Experts assess factors such as the sharpness of the corners, the elasticity of the paper, the intensity of the colors, the presence of traces of moisture, and microcracks. At Wójcicki Auction House, you can request PMG certification, which confirms the banknote's condition and significantly facilitates its sale on the international market.
• Mintage and rarity – Some banknotes were printed in large series, but only a small fraction survive today—these specimens are gaining value. Others were quickly withdrawn or printed in short runs. Some varieties became rare by accident, for example, through mintage errors or short-lived series changes.
• Historical appeal – Banknotes from crucial periods—the partitions, the Second Polish Republic, the hyperinflation of the 1980s, and the first years after redenomination—often have greater value because they combine numismatics with history. For many collectors, this combination is crucial, and exceptional specimens can command surprising prices.
• Printing errors and variations – The market appreciates printing errors: print shifts, color differences, reverse elements, and rare numbering variants. These types of items require detailed analysis, as their value can be many times higher than a standard design.
• Security Features and Printing Techniques – Older banknotes were printed using various techniques: intaglio, offset, and intaglio. The valuation takes into account their specific characteristics and the integrity of the security features. Visible watermarks, security threads, and UV fluorescence enhance the banknote's appeal.

How to initially assess the value of a banknote yourself

You can do a quick home inspection to assess whether your banknote has any potential. This analysis won't replace a professional valuation, but it will help you avoid a hasty sale.

• Check the issue date and series – Pay attention to the letter designations. In some banknotes, the series is the most valuable. A difference in a single symbol can mean a difference in value of several thousand złoty.
• Assess the condition – Do this honestly – even a slight creasing can reduce the value. Notice whether the paper is pliable, the colors are vibrant, and the corners are not rounded. Every detail counts when it comes to banknotes.
• Compare with reliable sources – Avoid random online auctions, as they often overstate or understate prices. A better reference point are the Wójcicki Auction House catalogs, which feature high-quality photos and realistic selling prices.
• Pay attention to the details – stamps from the time of circulation, unusual discolorations resulting from printing technology, watermarks – all of these influence the value. If you see an element you don't recognize, it's a good sign to consult an expert.

Why is an auction house valuation the most reliable?

While self-analysis can provide insight into the topic, it's best to entrust a thorough assessment to an expert. At Wójcicki Auction House, valuation includes banknote identification, rarity analysis, condition assessment, comparison with auction archives, and guidance on the optimal sale method. You receive not only an estimated value but also a realistic plan for maximizing the banknote's potential.

Mateusz Wójcicki's experience, having been involved in numismatics for over 20 years and conducting auctions for collectors from many countries, translates into his ability to evaluate items reliably and predictably. The auction house earns its commission, so its goal is to obtain the highest possible price.

An additional advantage is the option to offer banknotes at a Premium Auction or Private Sale. These auctions have an international reach, and the high-quality catalogs and presentations attract collectors from 70+ countries. This environment produces completely different results than private sales.

What does the sale of banknotes look like at Wójcicki.pl?

The sales process has been designed for people who want to sell banknotes safely and efficiently, regardless of whether they have a single copy or an entire collection.

• Contact and Initial Consultation – You can send photos via email, fill out the form, or contact us by phone. An expert will assess the material's collectible potential.
• Full valuation – If a banknote looks interesting, it will be carefully assessed in terms of condition, rarity and market demand.
• Choosing the form of sale – The banknote can be sold at a Premium auction, Private Sale, on consignment or directly – it all depends on your expectations and the characteristics of the item.
• Professional presentation – The banknote is photographed, described, and prepared for catalog publication. The quality of the presentation has a real impact on buyer interest.
• Sale and settlement – ​​Once the transaction is complete, you receive documentation and funds. The entire process is transparent and secure.

Determining the value of a banknote is a process you can begin on your own, but a professional valuation ensures you won't sell your banknote below its true value. Wójcicki Auction House combines expert knowledge, experience, and international reach, ensuring your banknotes have the potential to reach a wide range of collectors. If you want to sell your banknote quickly, safely, and at a fair price, this is the surest way.